ijtihad

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ijtihad > noun, communication
Meaning	The endeavor of a Moslem scholar to derive a rule of divine law from the Koran and Hadith without relying on the views of other scholars. By the end of the 10th century theologians decided that debate on such matters would be closed and Muslim theology and law were frozen.
Examples	"some reform-minded Islamic scholars believe that reopening ijtihad is a prerequisite for the survival of Islam"
Broader	interpretation